在可用性测试中，最主要的两个角色，一个是受测(Test Participant)，另一个是测试员(Test Facilitator)。这回小兔来说说测试员(Test Facilitator)在可用性测试时应该做些什么、说些什么。
之前有翻译过Testও Facilitator Guide（可用性测试开始前），那么开始之后该如何呢？这里有一篇文章，拿来作为例子说说，小兔也和自己的做法对照比较一下，好借鉴改善。

WAI Site Usability Testing Questions

文章包括了四个部分：
Pre-test Questions（测试前问题）、Participant Tasks（受测任务）、Post-test Interview（测试后访谈）和Post-test Surveyဣ（测ဣ试后问卷）。这是WAI（Web Accessibility Initiative）网站可用性测试，测试员 (Facilitator)在测试时提的问题和任务的设计。

Pre-test Questions（测试前问题）
测试前的问题是用来了解受测的，WAI的这个例子里，可以看到问题关于受测对于可及性(WAI的主要内容)的了解、平时访问的相关站点、阅读习惯、工作背景等，以及大概的心智模型。了解受测，才能在之后明白受测的行为，便于进一步分析产品的可用性问题。我们在招募受测时也会做一些甄选，但是都比较简单，而测试前提一些问题可以了解得更真实具体些。根据产品的特性，我们可以设计不同的问题。
另外，小兔把测试前的问题作为“暖场”，虽然准备问题提纲但并不严格照问。比如一次一个受测是QQ联系的，我就从他的六位QQ号聊起，询问他꧑的网龄等等~有时甚至可以闲聊两句，让受测放松了，会表现💜得更自然，也比较容易Think Aloud

Participant Tasks（受测任务）
这当然是测试的主要部分。
WAI的这个例子里比较特殊的是Task1和Task2。Task1测的是网站的加拿大预测网-在线预测，类似的一些提问方法曾经在UPA也学到过。加拿大预测网-在线预测是网站给用户第一印象的关键之处，通过Task1的这几个问题可以了解到受测对于网站的大概认知；而基于WEB的浏览往往不一定居于特定的任务，所以Task2是给用户自由浏览的时间。应该说，大部分时候我们浏览网站可能也是没有什么目的的，小兔也曾愁过测试任务的问题，没想到和WAI一样的做法呢:)
之后的每个任务都设计了一个🍷场景，让用户找寻相应的信息。意料之外的是之后的任务还有8个之多，我依然没有明白为何需要这样🦄的数量，如果某个任务的场景和受测背景不符咋办呢？难道是8个任务里选做的？@_@

Post-test Interview（测试后访谈）
如果说测试的任务是观察受测行为的话，测试后的访谈就是了解用户的想法。经过对网站的一番体验之后，受测对网站也有了实际⭕的了解，小兔也很喜欢在测⛎试后问这些问题，尤其是在产品早期进行可用性测试、有较大改动空间的时候，不妨问一些开放式的问题，对于设计的改进有不错的参考作用。

Post-test Survey（测试后问卷）
这个问卷有些类似SUS，但我们可以看到不止是SUS的问题，除了评价网站的可用性之外，有一些可以用来验ꦛ证是否达到我们๊的设计目标。比起访谈的好处是，这些的结果可以量化。不过对于小规模的可用性测试来说，这些数据缺乏科学性，仅用来参考。

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原文：WAI Site Usability Testing Questions

Pre Test Questions
测试前问题

1. Do you ever research issues related to Web accessibility for people with disabilities? (If no: skip to 11)
   你是否曾经搜索过关于残障人士访问网页可及性问题的文章？(若否，跳至问题11)

2. What resources do you use to learn about Web accessibility? (Probe: Web sites, books, classes)
   你通过什么资源了解网页可及性、(Probe 网站 书籍 课程)

3.  (May not need to ask) What Web sites do you use to learn about Web accessibility?
   (也许不必问)你去什么网站了解网页可及性？

4.  How often do you use them?
   访问有多频繁？

5. What do you like about each of the Web sites?
   觉得这几个网站如何？

6. What do you dislike about each of the Web sites?
   这几个站点有哪些地方你不喜欢？

7. What types of Web accessibility information do you look for on the Internet?
   你在网上寻找什么类型的网页可及性信息？

8. What are the last three Web accessibility topics or questions you researched on the Internet?
   你最近搜索的三个关于网页可及性的问题是什么？

9. What drives your interest in Web accessibility?
   什么促使你对网页可及性问题感兴趣？

10. How long have you been involved in Web accessibility?
    涉及网页可及性有多久了？

11. Do any of the authoring tools you use have features to help make your Web sites accessible?
    你用什么写作工具帮助你网站的可及性？

12. How long have you been involved in Web development or management?
    涉及网站开发和管理多久了？

13. If you were to envision your ideal Web accessibility Web site, what sorts of information would it contain? What would it look and act like? How would it be organized?
    如果设想理想的关于网页可及性的网站，会包括什么样的信息？看上去和用上去会如何？会是怎样组织的？

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Participant Tasks
参与者任务

Task 1

This is the homepage of a Web site dedicated to Web-related accessibility issues. Please give me your initial reactions to this page. Feel free to explore this page as you normally would. You can scroll around with your mouse, but please don't click on anything just yet.
这是一个有关WEB可及性网站的加拿大预测网-在线预测。请告诉我你对这个页面的第一反应。就像你平📖时一样自然的浏览这个页面吧。你可以滚动页面，不过暂且别点击任何东西

Faciliator will ask:
测试员提问
* Have you ever seen this Web site before?
你以前见过这个网站吗？
* Please give me your initial impressions about the layout of this page and what you think of the colors, graphics, photos, etc.
请告诉我你对这个页面布局的第一印象，以及对颜色、图形图像等的想法
* Without clicking on anything yet, please describe the options you see on the home page and what you think they do. Feel free to move around the page, but again I’ll ask you not to click on anything right now.
先不点击任何东西，请描述你在加拿大预测网-在线预测上看到的选项、你觉得是做什么用处的。可以滚动页面，不过再次提醒现在不要点击任何东西
* Without clicking on anything yet, if you were exploring, what would you click on first?
如果你在浏览，还没有点击过任何东西，你会先点击什么？
* What do you think is the purpose of this site?
你觉得这个网站的目标是什么？
* Who do you think this site is intended for?
你觉得这个网站是用来干什么的？
* Whose Web site is this?
这是谁的网站？

Task 2

I'm going to give you five minutes to freely explore this Web site. You may go anywhere you would like to go on the Web site, but please remember to speak aloud as you do so. I will tell you when the five minutes are up.
我会给你五分钟自由浏览这个网站。你可以去网站上任何你想去的地方，不过记得⭕说出来。时间♒到的时候我会告诉你

Task 3

Your friend Kevin mentions hearing about something called "the Web Accessibility Initiative" but he isn't sure what it is. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains information that would address Kevin's question.
你的朋友Kevin提到听过“网页可及性措施”但并不清楚具体是什么。用这个网站，找出是否💫有能够解决Kevien问题的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

Task 4

Your team at work is developing a Web site and you have some concerns about how accessible the Web site might be to persons with disabilities. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains general hints about what Web developers need to know about Web accessibility.
你工作的团队整在开发一个网站，而💯你需要考虑对残疾人可及性要做到怎样的程度。用这个网ꦉ站找出是否有WEB开发人员需要了解的与网页可及性相关的要点提示

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.

Task 5

A few of your colleagues are interested in finding out how to be a part of WAI's effort to develop guidelines for Web accessibility. Using this Web site, determine whether or not opportunities exist for becoming involved in WAI guideline development.
一些你的同事对怎样加入WAI开发网页可及性指南有兴趣。用这个网站找出是否有机会加入WAI的指南开发

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.

Task 6

You have just been handed a report, generated by a Web accessibility evaluation tool, which informs you that your company Web site contains graphs that do not meet "Checkpoint 1.1."
你刚提交了通过网页可及性评估工具生成的一个报告，其中说你们公司的网站含有不满足“要点1.1”的图表

Using this Web site, a) determine what Checkpoint 1.1 is, and b) determine an appropriate strategy for representing these complex pictures.
用这个网站 a)找出要点1.1是什么 b)找出合适的表现这些复杂图片的策略

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

Task 7

Your company is revising the online forms on its Web site. Find specific information on how to make the online forms accessible.
你的公司正在修正网站的在线表单。找出怎样让在线表单可及的详细信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

Task 8

A company with many global divisions and Web sites in many languages has asked for your opinion on how Web accessibility laws differ around the world. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains relevant information.
一个有很多全球分部和多种语言网站的企业向你征询全🐟球各地可行性法律的不同。用这个网站找出是否有相关的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

Task 9

You have been invited to be a presenter at a local conference on Web accessibility. Find information on this Web site that you would want to use to help you prepare your talk.
你被邀请在一个当地的网页可及性会议上演讲。在这个网站上你会用来帮助你演讲的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

Task 10

The company division you work in is responsible for making sure that your corporate Web site is accessible. How can your team use the WAI Web site to determine the accessibility of your company Web site?
你在公司工作的💝部门负责保证公司网站的可及性。你♊们的团队会怎样使用WAI网站来定义你们公司网站的可及性？

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你觉得完成了任务，请告诉我

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Post Test Interview
测试后访谈

1. What are your overall impressions of the Web site?
   你对这个网站的整体印象是怎样的？

2. If you had to give the site a grade, from A to F, where A was exemplary and F was failing, what grade would you give it, and why?
   如果给这个网站评级，A-F，A为经典的，F为失败，你会评几级，为什么？

3. Name three words or characteristics that describe this Web site.
   用三个词来形容这个网站

4. What are the three things you like best about the Web site?
   这个网站你最喜欢的三个点是什么？

5. What are the three things you like least about the Web site?
   这个网站你最不喜欢的三点是什么？

6. If you could make one significant change to this Web site, what change would you make?
   如果你能给这个网站做个较大的改动，你会改变什么？

7. Would you return to this Web site on your own in the future? Why/why not?
   你是否今后还会来这个网站？为什么？

8. What would entice you to return?
   是什么会吸引你回来？

9. Are there materials you would like to see added to the Web site? Which ones?
   有没有你希望在这个网站上增加的资料？哪些？

10. Would you recommend this Web site to a colleague? To a friend?
    你会把这个网站推荐给你的同事或者朋友吗？

11. Do you have any other questions or comments about the Web site or your experiences with it?
    你还有任何关于这个网站或者这此体验的问题和意见吗？

Post Test Survey
测试后问卷

For our last activity I'm going to give you a short questionnaire that I would like you to fill out. The questionnaire will give you a series of statements about the Web Accessibility Initiative Web site. I would like you to rate your agreement with each statement. While you fill out the questionnaire, I will step into the observation booth to see if our observers have any further questions.
我们最后的事项是请你填写一个短小的问卷。问卷提供一系列的关于WAI网站的陈෴述。请你对陈述的同意程度评级。你填写问卷时我会去观察室看看我🎐们的观察员是否有额外的问题

1. The homepage is attractive.
   加拿大预测网-在线预测很吸引人

2. The overall site is attractive.
   整个站点很吸引人

3. The site's graphics are pleasing.
   网站的图片令人愉快

4. The site has a good balance of graphics versus text.
   网站的图片和文字有很好的平衡

5. The colors used throughout the site are attractive.
   网站使用的颜色吸引人

6. The typography (lettering, headings, titles) is attractive.
   排版（字体、标题）吸引人

7. The homepage's content makes me want to explore the site further.
   加拿大预测网-在线预测的内容让我想进一步浏览这个网站

8. It is easy to find my way around the site.
   我能在网站内轻易地找到自己的方向

9. I can get to information quickly.
   我能迅速找到信息

10. It is fun to explore the site.
    浏览这个网站很有乐趣

11. It is easy to remember where to find things.
    能容易记住是在哪儿找到东西的

12. Information is layered effectively on different screens.
    信息在不同界面上都很好地排布

13. The homepage is attention-getting.
    加拿大预测网-在线预测能吸引注意

14. Information is easy to read.
    信息容易阅读

15. Information is written in a style that suits me.
    信息的书写是适合我的方式

16. Screens have the right amount of information.
    界面的信息量合适

17. The site effectively communicates the company's identity.
    网站有效地传达了企业的身份

18. The information is relevant to my professional needs.
    信息与我个人的需求有关

19. The site is designed with me in mind.
    网站的设计考虑到了我

20. The site's content interests me.
    网站的内容让我有兴趣

21. The site's content would keep me coming back.
    网站的内容能让我持续回访

22. The site has characteristics that make it especially appealing.
    站点的特色使其显得特别出众

23. The site reflects progressive, leading edge design.
    网站展现了先进的、领先的设计

24. The site is exciting.
    网站令人兴奋

25. The site is well-suited to first-time visitors.
    网站对于初次到访的用户来说很合适

26. The site is well-suited to repeat visitors.
    网站对于经常到访的用户很合适

27. The site has a clear purpose.
    网站有一个清晰的目标

28. I always felt I knew what it was possible to do next.
    我总能感觉下一步大概会要做些什么

29. It is clear how screen elements (e.g., pop-ups, scrolling lists, menu options, etc.) work.
    界面元素（弹出窗口、滚动条、菜单选项等）

30. My mistakes were easy to correct.
    我的错误能容易纠正