Tone and Texture
色调与结构

This specifically applies to drawings more than photography, but tone and texture are very important. Tone refers to shading of light and dark on an object and texture is the visual𒁏 and tactile surface characteristics of an object.

色调与结构确实很♛重要，图片比照片更能运用此项内容。色调涉及到阴影以及物体颜色光亮程度；结构涉及到物体的外观特征。

Here's a list of things that affect the tone and texture of an objects appearance.

下面介绍影响网站色调与结构的几个因素。

1. The direction from which the light is coming. (Left, righ𝓀t, above, behind, or below.)

1. 光的方向。（左、右、上、下、后）

2. The int🐽ensity of the light. (Candlelight or sun𓂃light.)

2. 光的亮度。（烛光或者阳光）

ꩵ3. The type of light (Light from the☂ setting sun or flash.)

3. 光的类型。（落日还是烈日）

4. Objects standing between the light source and your subject or object. (ওLight pa🗹ssing through a thin fabric.)

4. 站立在光源之间的物体。（光穿过物体）

5.🌳 The color and texture of the object. (A fuzzy blanket looks a lot different than a piece of granite.)

5. 物体的颜色与结构。（绒毛毯子与花岗岩不同）

Light and Shade
光线与阴影

Light always travels in a straight line and depending on the location of the light the object or subject can look dramatically different. To understand this principle get a roll of film a light source, a lamp, an object or a family member. Take a series of photos of your subject start with the light source at twelve o'clock take each successive photo moving the light source to each position on the clock. When you look at your photos you will be amazed at how different your subject looks in each image. This exercise is great for anyone wanting to understand how light changes the look of a subject.

光沿直线传播，光的位置不同，网站中的物体或者要表达主题就会显著不同。了解到这个内容之后，在现在的光源下，拍摄照片（物体、家人都可以），然后在中午12点钟的时候，再次拍摄ꦚ同一张图片。观察图片时，你会惊奇地发现图片差异很大。你可以根据这个情况，清楚理解光源对照片的影响。

Shade
对比程度

Shade or shadow and more commonly known as contrast is the degree of difference between the light and dark areas. An image with very black blacks and very light whites has high contrast. An image that is mostly shades of gray has low contrast. Contrast is determined by the intensity of the light source. Adjusting the contrast can help you create a very realistic i𒊎mage or a fantastic one.

我们经常看到的光与阴暗区域的对比程度𝕴，就是对比阴影了。黑色、白色图片的对比很明显，而灰色梯度的对比就比较弱。光源强度决定对比程💮度，而对比程度会决定图片的现实性或者科幻性。